Root certificate · Amazon Trust Services
Amazon Root CA 3
Amazon Root CA 3 is a root CA certificate operated by Amazon Trust Services (ECDSA P-256, valid until 2040-05-26, SHA-256 18CE6CFE). As of the latest CCADB data it is trusted for TLS server authentication by 4 of 4 major root stores: Chrome, Mozilla, Apple, Microsoft.
Root store status
| Root store | Status | Trusted for TLS | Distrust for TLS after | Constrained |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chrome | Included Included | Yes | 2027-09-14 | Yes |
| Mozilla | Included Included | Yes | — | No |
| Apple | Included Included | Yes | — | No |
| Microsoft | Included Included | Yes | — | No |
Chrome stops trusting TLS certificates under this root whose SCTs are dated after 2027-09-14 (sct_not_after). The CCADB lists EV policy OID 2.23.140.1.1 for this root, but Mozilla does not mark it as EV-enabled.
Included Chrome
- Status
- Included
- Distrust for TLS after
- 2027-09-14
Included Mozilla
- Status
- Included
- Trust bits
- Websites
- EV policy OIDs
- not EV-enabled
- First included in
- NSS 3.28.1 / Firefox 51
- Inclusion bug
- #1172401
Included Apple
- Status
- Included
- Trust bits
- serverAuth, clientAuth, emailProtection
Included Microsoft
- Status
- Included
- Trusted EKUs
- Server Authentication, Client Authentication, Document Signing, Encrypting File System, Secure Email, Time Stamping
"Trusted for TLS" means the store includes the root with the server-authentication trust bit (Mozilla "Websites", Apple serverAuth, Microsoft Server Authentication EKU). Microsoft "NotBefore" means only certificates issued before a cutoff date are still trusted. "Constrained" means the store applies extra restrictions.
Details
- CA owner
- Amazon Trust Services
- Subject
- CN=Amazon Root CA 3,O=Amazon,C=US
- SHA-256
18CE6CFE7BF14E60B2E347B8DFE868CB31D02EBB3ADA271569F50343B46DB3A4- SHA-1 (Windows thumbprint)
0D44DD8C3C8C1A1A58756481E90F2E2AFFB3D26E- SPKI SHA-256
36ABC32656ACFC645C61B71613C4BF21C787F5CABBEE48348D58597803D7ABC9- Valid from
- 2015-05-26
- Expires
- 2040-05-26
- Key
- ECDSA P-256
- Signature algorithm
- ecdsa-with-SHA256
- Serial number
66C9FD5749736663F3B0B9AD9E89E7603F24A- Country
- US
- Trust bits (CCADB)
- Server Authentication, Client Authentication, Document Signing, Secure Email, Encrypting File System, Time Stamping
- EV policy OIDs (CCADB)
- 2.23.140.1.1 · TLS EV capable: Yes
- Test websites
- valid:
https://good.sca3a.amazontrust.com/· expired:https://expired.sca3a.amazontrust.com/· revoked:https://revoked.sca3a.amazontrust.com/ - CCADB record
- A002356
- PEM
- amazon-root-ca-3.pem
Intermediate CAs issued by this root
The CCADB lists 21 intermediate CA certificates signed directly by Amazon Root CA 3: 15 currently valid, 0 expired and 6 revoked (revoked includes those whose parent was revoked).
Showing 20 of 21: valid certificates first, newest first. Each name links to its crt.sh entry by SHA-256; an arrow marks a cross-certificate for another root on this site.
| Intermediate | Operated by | Expires | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon ECDSA 256 S16 | Amazon Trust Services | 2029-07-07 | Valid |
| Amazon ECDSA 256 S15 | Amazon Trust Services | 2029-07-07 | Valid |
| Amazon ECDSA 256 S19 | Amazon Trust Services | 2029-07-07 | Valid |
| Amazon ECDSA 256 S14 | Amazon Trust Services | 2029-07-07 | Valid |
| Amazon ECDSA 256 S18 | Amazon Trust Services | 2029-07-07 | Valid |
| Amazon ECDSA 256 S20 | Amazon Trust Services | 2029-07-07 | Valid |
| Amazon ECDSA 256 S17 | Amazon Trust Services | 2029-07-07 | Valid |
| Amazon ECDSA 256 S21 | Amazon Trust Services | 2029-07-07 | Valid |
| Amazon ECDSA 256 Root EU M1 | Amazon Trust Services | 2033-09-15 | Valid |
| Amazon ECDSA 256 M06 | Amazon Trust Services | 2033-01-13 | Valid |
| Amazon ECDSA 256 M05 | Amazon Trust Services | 2033-01-13 | Valid |
| Amazon ECDSA 256 M02 | DigiCert | 2030-08-23 | Valid |
| Amazon ECDSA 256 M04 | DigiCert | 2030-08-23 | Valid |
| Amazon ECDSA 256 M03 | DigiCert | 2030-08-23 | Valid |
| Amazon ECDSA 256 M01 | DigiCert | 2030-08-23 | Valid |
| Amazon ECDSA 256 S02 | Amazon Trust Services | 2033-05-28 | Revoked |
| Amazon ECDSA 256 S04 | Amazon Trust Services | 2033-05-28 | Revoked |
| Amazon ECDSA 256 S01 | Amazon Trust Services | 2033-05-28 | Revoked |
| Amazon ECDSA 256 S05 | Amazon Trust Services | 2033-05-28 | Revoked |
| Amazon ECDSA 256 S00 | Amazon Trust Services | 2033-05-28 | Revoked |
Cross-signed versions
1 certificate(s) in the CCADB have the same subject and public key as Amazon Root CA 3 but a different issuer. A server can send one of them so that clients which trust the issuing root, but not Amazon Root CA 3, can still build a chain.
| Signed by | CA owner | Expires | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2 crt.sh | Amazon Trust Services | 2037-12-31 | Valid |
CRL and OCSP addresses
In the root certificate
Amazon Root CA 3 itself contains no CRL Distribution Points and no OCSP (Authority Information Access) extension. That is normal for a root: clients trust it directly and do not check its own revocation status.
Full CRL this CA publishes (CCADB)
http://crl.rootca3.amazontrust.com/rootca3.crl
Used by the intermediates it issued
Addresses found in the CRL Distribution Points and OCSP fields of the 15 valid intermediates signed by Amazon Root CA 3; the number in brackets is how many of them use each address.
- CRL:
http://crl.rootca3.amazontrust.com/rootca3.crl(15) - OCSP:
http://ocsp.rootca3.amazontrust.com(15)
What happens when it expires
Amazon Root CA 3 is valid until 2040-05-26, about 13.5 years after this data snapshot (2026-11-10). From that day, browsers and operating systems that check trust-anchor expiry stop accepting chains that end at this root, so any certificate that can only chain to it fails validation. Android is a known exception: it does not enforce the expiry date of trust anchors. Root programs can stop trusting it before it expires: Chrome 2027-09-14.
Check whether your device trusts it
Each platform keeps its own root store. The commands below look up Amazon Root CA 3 by common name (Amazon Root CA 3) or fingerprint. The store status in each heading comes from the CCADB snapshot; your device can differ if it is out of date or managed by an administrator.
macOS (Apple store: Included · Trusted for TLS)
Search the system roots keychain by common name. -Z prints the SHA-256 hash, which must match the fingerprint on the last line.
security find-certificate -a -c "Amazon Root CA 3" -Z \
/System/Library/Keychains/SystemRootCertificates.keychain | grep "SHA-256"
# SHA-256 hash: 18CE6CFE7BF14E60B2E347B8DFE868CB31D02EBB3ADA271569F50343B46DB3A4
Windows (Microsoft store: Included · Trusted for TLS)
Windows identifies roots by SHA-1 thumbprint. It installs third-party roots on demand through Automatic Root Certificates Update, so "not found" can also mean the root has not been needed yet; certutil -generateSSTFromWU roots.sst downloads Microsoft's full list.
certutil -verifystore Root 0D44DD8C3C8C1A1A58756481E90F2E2AFFB3D26E
Linux (ca-certificates follows Mozilla: Included · Trusted for TLS)
Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora and RHEL build their ca-certificates package from Mozilla's root store. Use trust list on p11-kit systems, or search the PEM bundle on Debian and Ubuntu.
# Fedora / RHEL / Arch (p11-kit)
trust list --filter=ca-anchors | grep -iF -A2 "Amazon Root CA 3"
# Debian / Ubuntu (ca-certificates)
openssl crl2pkcs7 -nocrl -certfile /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt \
| openssl pkcs7 -print_certs -noout | grep -iF "Amazon Root CA 3"
Java
Java ships its own cacerts keystore; JDK 9 and later accept -cacerts and the default store password is changeit. Search for the SHA-256 fingerprint in colon form.
keytool -list -cacerts -storepass changeit | grep -i "18:CE:6C:FE:7B:F1:4E:60:B2:E3:47:B8:DF:E8:68:CB:31:D0:2E:BB:3A:DA:27:15:69:F5:03:43:B4:6D:B3:A4"
Android
Android's system store is maintained by Google separately from the four CCADB stores above. Open Settings → Security & privacy → More security settings → Encryption & credentials → Trusted credentials → System (menu names vary by vendor and version) and look for Amazon → Amazon Root CA 3.
Which root does my site chain to?
List the chain your server sends and compare the last issuer with this root; the fingerprint check confirms a local copy.
# show subject (s:) and issuer (i:) of every certificate the server sends
openssl s_client -connect example.com:443 -servername example.com -showcerts </dev/null 2>/dev/null \
| grep -E '^ *[0-9]+ s:|^ *i:'
# subject and SHA-256 fingerprint of the downloaded PEM file
openssl x509 -in amazon-root-ca-3.pem -noout -subject -fingerprint -sha256
# sha256 Fingerprint=18:CE:6C:FE:7B:F1:4E:60:B2:E3:47:B8:DF:E8:68:CB:31:D0:2E:BB:3A:DA:27:15:69:F5:03:43:B4:6D:B3:A4
FAQ
Is Amazon Root CA 3 trusted by Chrome, Firefox, Safari and Windows?
Yes. As of 2026-11-10, Chrome, Mozilla (Firefox), Apple (Safari) and Microsoft (Windows) all trust it for TLS server authentication. Distrust-after dates already set: Chrome 2027-09-14.
When does Amazon Root CA 3 expire?
On 2040-05-26, about 13.5 years after the 2026-11-10 data snapshot.
How many intermediate certificates has Amazon Root CA 3 issued?
The CCADB lists 21: 15 valid, 0 expired and 6 revoked. The newest valid one is Amazon ECDSA 256 S16, valid until 2029-07-07.
Is Amazon Root CA 3 cross-signed?
Yes. The CCADB has 1 cross-certificate(s) with its subject and key, signed by Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2; 1 of them are still valid.
Other roots from Amazon Trust Services
- Amazon Root CA 1 RSA 2048 · 2038-01-17
- Amazon Root CA 2 RSA 4096 · 2040-05-26
- Amazon Root CA 4 ECDSA P-384 · 2040-05-26
- Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2 RSA 2048 · 2037-12-31
Sources
- CCADB — Resources (TLS Server Authentication report, All Included Root Certificate Trust Bit Settings)
- CCADB — All Certificate Information (root and intermediate), CSV V5
- CCADB — Mozilla Included CA Certificate Report
- CCADB — Chrome / Mozilla / Apple / Microsoft TLS Server Authentication CSV