Root certificate · Amazon Trust Services
Amazon Root CA 2
Amazon Root CA 2 is a root CA certificate operated by Amazon Trust Services (RSA 4096, valid until 2040-05-26, SHA-256 1BA5B2AA). As of the latest CCADB data it is trusted for TLS server authentication by 4 of 4 major root stores: Chrome, Mozilla, Apple, Microsoft.
Root store status
| Root store | Status | Trusted for TLS | Distrust for TLS after | Constrained |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chrome | Included Included | Yes | 2027-09-14 | Yes |
| Mozilla | Included Included | Yes | — | No |
| Apple | Included Included | Yes | — | No |
| Microsoft | Included Included | Yes | — | Yes |
Chrome stops trusting TLS certificates under this root whose SCTs are dated after 2027-09-14 (sct_not_after). The CCADB lists EV policy OID 2.23.140.1.1 for this root, but Mozilla does not mark it as EV-enabled.
Included Chrome
- Status
- Included
- Distrust for TLS after
- 2027-09-14
Included Mozilla
- Status
- Included
- Trust bits
- Websites
- EV policy OIDs
- not EV-enabled
- First included in
- NSS 3.28.1 / Firefox 51
- Inclusion bug
- #1172401
Included Apple
- Status
- Included
- Trust bits
- serverAuth, clientAuth, emailProtection
Included Microsoft
- Status
- Included
- Trusted EKUs
- Server Authentication, Client Authentication, Code Signing, Document Signing, Encrypting File System, Secure Email, Time Stamping
- Not-before cutoff
- 2021-08-01 (Code Signing)
"Trusted for TLS" means the store includes the root with the server-authentication trust bit (Mozilla "Websites", Apple serverAuth, Microsoft Server Authentication EKU). Microsoft "NotBefore" means only certificates issued before a cutoff date are still trusted. "Constrained" means the store applies extra restrictions.
Details
- CA owner
- Amazon Trust Services
- Subject
- CN=Amazon Root CA 2,O=Amazon,C=US
- SHA-256
1BA5B2AA8C65401A82960118F80BEC4F62304D83CEC4713A19C39C011EA46DB4- SHA-1 (Windows thumbprint)
5A8CEF45D7A69859767A8C8B4496B578CF474B1A- SPKI SHA-256
7F4296FC5B6A4E3B35D3C369623E364AB1AF381D8FA7121533C9D6C633EA2461- Valid from
- 2015-05-26
- Expires
- 2040-05-26
- Key
- RSA 4096
- Signature algorithm
- sha384WithRSAEncryption
- Serial number
66C9FD29635869F0A0FE58678F85B26BB8A37- Country
- US
- Trust bits (CCADB)
- Server Authentication, Client Authentication, Document Signing, Secure Email, Encrypting File System, Time Stamping
- EV policy OIDs (CCADB)
- 2.23.140.1.1 · TLS EV capable: Yes
- Test websites
- valid:
https://valid.rootca2.demo.amazontrust.com/· expired:https://expired.sca2a.amazontrust.com/· revoked:https://revoked.sca2a.amazontrust.com/ - CCADB record
- A002365
- PEM
- amazon-root-ca-2.pem
Intermediate CAs issued by this root
The CCADB lists 5 intermediate CA certificates signed directly by Amazon Root CA 2: 5 currently valid, 0 expired and 0 revoked (revoked includes those whose parent was revoked).
Showing 5 of 5: valid certificates first, newest first. Each name links to its crt.sh entry by SHA-256; an arrow marks a cross-certificate for another root on this site.
| Intermediate | Operated by | Expires | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon RSA 4096 M05 | Amazon Trust Services | 2033-01-13 | Valid |
| Amazon RSA 4096 M03 | DigiCert | 2030-08-23 | Valid |
| Amazon RSA 4096 M01 | DigiCert | 2030-08-23 | Valid |
| Amazon RSA 4096 M04 | DigiCert | 2030-08-23 | Valid |
| Amazon RSA 4096 M02 | DigiCert | 2030-08-23 | Valid |
Cross-signed versions
1 certificate(s) in the CCADB have the same subject and public key as Amazon Root CA 2 but a different issuer. A server can send one of them so that clients which trust the issuing root, but not Amazon Root CA 2, can still build a chain.
| Signed by | CA owner | Expires | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2 crt.sh | Amazon Trust Services | 2037-12-31 | Valid |
CRL and OCSP addresses
In the root certificate
Amazon Root CA 2 itself contains no CRL Distribution Points and no OCSP (Authority Information Access) extension. That is normal for a root: clients trust it directly and do not check its own revocation status.
Full CRL this CA publishes (CCADB)
http://crl.rootca2.amazontrust.com/rootca2.crl
Used by the intermediates it issued
Addresses found in the CRL Distribution Points and OCSP fields of the 5 valid intermediates signed by Amazon Root CA 2; the number in brackets is how many of them use each address.
- CRL:
http://crl.rootca2.amazontrust.com/rootca2.crl(5) - OCSP:
http://ocsp.rootca2.amazontrust.com(5)
What happens when it expires
Amazon Root CA 2 is valid until 2040-05-26, about 13.5 years after this data snapshot (2026-11-10). From that day, browsers and operating systems that check trust-anchor expiry stop accepting chains that end at this root, so any certificate that can only chain to it fails validation. Android is a known exception: it does not enforce the expiry date of trust anchors. Root programs can stop trusting it before it expires: Chrome 2027-09-14.
Check whether your device trusts it
Each platform keeps its own root store. The commands below look up Amazon Root CA 2 by common name (Amazon Root CA 2) or fingerprint. The store status in each heading comes from the CCADB snapshot; your device can differ if it is out of date or managed by an administrator.
macOS (Apple store: Included · Trusted for TLS)
Search the system roots keychain by common name. -Z prints the SHA-256 hash, which must match the fingerprint on the last line.
security find-certificate -a -c "Amazon Root CA 2" -Z \
/System/Library/Keychains/SystemRootCertificates.keychain | grep "SHA-256"
# SHA-256 hash: 1BA5B2AA8C65401A82960118F80BEC4F62304D83CEC4713A19C39C011EA46DB4Windows (Microsoft store: Included · Trusted for TLS)
Windows identifies roots by SHA-1 thumbprint. It installs third-party roots on demand through Automatic Root Certificates Update, so "not found" can also mean the root has not been needed yet; certutil -generateSSTFromWU roots.sst downloads Microsoft's full list.
certutil -verifystore Root 5A8CEF45D7A69859767A8C8B4496B578CF474B1ALinux (ca-certificates follows Mozilla: Included · Trusted for TLS)
Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora and RHEL build their ca-certificates package from Mozilla's root store. Use trust list on p11-kit systems, or search the PEM bundle on Debian and Ubuntu.
# Fedora / RHEL / Arch (p11-kit)
trust list --filter=ca-anchors | grep -iF -A2 "Amazon Root CA 2"
# Debian / Ubuntu (ca-certificates)
openssl crl2pkcs7 -nocrl -certfile /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt \
| openssl pkcs7 -print_certs -noout | grep -iF "Amazon Root CA 2"Java
Java ships its own cacerts keystore; JDK 9 and later accept -cacerts and the default store password is changeit. Search for the SHA-256 fingerprint in colon form.
keytool -list -cacerts -storepass changeit | grep -i "1B:A5:B2:AA:8C:65:40:1A:82:96:01:18:F8:0B:EC:4F:62:30:4D:83:CE:C4:71:3A:19:C3:9C:01:1E:A4:6D:B4"Android
Android's system store is maintained by Google separately from the four CCADB stores above. Open Settings → Security & privacy → More security settings → Encryption & credentials → Trusted credentials → System (menu names vary by vendor and version) and look for Amazon → Amazon Root CA 2.
Which root does my site chain to?
List the chain your server sends and compare the last issuer with this root; the fingerprint check confirms a local copy.
# show subject (s:) and issuer (i:) of every certificate the server sends
openssl s_client -connect example.com:443 -servername example.com -showcerts </dev/null 2>/dev/null \
| grep -E '^ *[0-9]+ s:|^ *i:'
# subject and SHA-256 fingerprint of the downloaded PEM file
openssl x509 -in amazon-root-ca-2.pem -noout -subject -fingerprint -sha256
# sha256 Fingerprint=1B:A5:B2:AA:8C:65:40:1A:82:96:01:18:F8:0B:EC:4F:62:30:4D:83:CE:C4:71:3A:19:C3:9C:01:1E:A4:6D:B4FAQ
Is Amazon Root CA 2 trusted by Chrome, Firefox, Safari and Windows?
Yes. As of 2026-11-10, Chrome, Mozilla (Firefox), Apple (Safari) and Microsoft (Windows) all trust it for TLS server authentication. Distrust-after dates already set: Chrome 2027-09-14.
When does Amazon Root CA 2 expire?
On 2040-05-26, about 13.5 years after the 2026-11-10 data snapshot.
How many intermediate certificates has Amazon Root CA 2 issued?
The CCADB lists 5: 5 valid, 0 expired and 0 revoked. The newest valid one is Amazon RSA 4096 M05, valid until 2033-01-13.
Is Amazon Root CA 2 cross-signed?
Yes. The CCADB has 1 cross-certificate(s) with its subject and key, signed by Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2; 1 of them are still valid.
Other roots from Amazon Trust Services
- Amazon Root CA 1 RSA 2048 · 2038-01-17
- Amazon Root CA 3 ECDSA P-256 · 2040-05-26
- Amazon Root CA 4 ECDSA P-384 · 2040-05-26
- Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2 RSA 2048 · 2037-12-31
Sources
- CCADB — Resources (TLS Server Authentication report, All Included Root Certificate Trust Bit Settings)
- CCADB — All Certificate Information (root and intermediate), CSV V5
- CCADB — Mozilla Included CA Certificate Report
- CCADB — Chrome / Mozilla / Apple / Microsoft TLS Server Authentication CSV