Root certificate · TWCA
TWCA Global Root CA
TWCA Global Root CA is a root CA certificate operated by TWCA (RSA 4096, valid until 2030-12-31, SHA-256 59769007). As of the latest CCADB data it is trusted for TLS server authentication by 4 of 4 major root stores: Chrome, Mozilla, Apple, Microsoft.
Root store status
| Root store | Status | Trusted for TLS | Distrust for TLS after | Constrained |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chrome | Included Included | Yes | 2026-09-14 | Yes |
| Mozilla | Included Included | Yes | — | No |
| Apple | Included Included | Yes | — | No |
| Microsoft | Included Included | Yes | — | Yes |
Chrome stops trusting TLS certificates under this root whose SCTs are dated after 2026-09-14 (sct_not_after). Mozilla treats it as an EV root for policy OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.40869.1.1.22.3.
Included Chrome
- Status
- Included
- Distrust for TLS after
- 2026-09-14
Included Mozilla
- Status
- Included
- Trust bits
- Websites, Email
- EV policy OIDs
- 1.3.6.1.4.1.40869.1.1.22.3
- First included in
- NSS 3.15.4 / Firefox 27
- Inclusion bug
- #810133
Included Apple
- Status
- Included
- Trust bits
- serverAuth, clientAuth, emailProtection
Included Microsoft
- Status
- Included
- Trusted EKUs
- Server Authentication, Code Signing, Secure Email
- Not-before cutoff
- 2019-04-01 (Code Signing)
"Trusted for TLS" means the store includes the root with the server-authentication trust bit (Mozilla "Websites", Apple serverAuth, Microsoft Server Authentication EKU). Microsoft "NotBefore" means only certificates issued before a cutoff date are still trusted. "Constrained" means the store applies extra restrictions.
Details
- CA owner
- Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA)
- Subject
- CN=TWCA Global Root CA,OU=Root CA,O=TAIWAN-CA,C=TW
- SHA-256
59769007F7685D0FCD50872F9F95D5755A5B2B457D81F3692B610A98672F0E1B- SHA-1 (Windows thumbprint)
9CBB4853F6A4F6D352A4E83252556013F5ADAF65- SPKI SHA-256
C444B5B66CE5D71E1B5E40F27385C95CBFD24A05B56F70CAC0992F0F50C3379C- Valid from
- 2012-06-27
- Expires
- 2030-12-31
- Key
- RSA 4096
- Signature algorithm
- sha256WithRSAEncryption
- Serial number
CBE- Country
- TW
- Trust bits (CCADB)
- Server Authentication, Client Authentication, Secure Email
- EV policy OIDs (CCADB)
- 1.3.6.1.4.1.40869.1.1.22.3, 2.23.140.1.1 · TLS EV capable: Yes
- Test websites
- valid:
https://evssldemo6.twca.com.tw/· expired:https://evssldemo8.twca.com.tw/· revoked:https://evssldemo7.twca.com.tw/ - CCADB record
- A000226
- PEM
- twca-global-root-ca.pem
Intermediate CAs issued by this root
The CCADB lists 15 intermediate CA certificates signed directly by TWCA Global Root CA: 5 currently valid, 1 expired and 9 revoked (revoked includes those whose parent was revoked).
Showing 15 of 15: valid certificates first, newest first. Each name links to its crt.sh entry by SHA-256; an arrow marks a cross-certificate for another root on this site.
| Intermediate | Operated by | Expires | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| TWCA InfoSec User CA | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-11-02 | Valid |
| TWCA Timestamping Certification Authority | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-11-02 | Valid |
| TWCA SMIME Root CA G1 | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-10-31 | Valid |
| TWCA CYBER Root CA → TWCA CYBER Root CA | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-11-01 | Valid |
| TWCA CYBER Root CA G3 | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-10-30 | Valid |
| TWCA Secure SSL Certification Authority | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2024-10-28 | Expired |
| TWCA InfoSec User CA | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-03-15 | Revoked |
| TWCA Secure SSL Certification Authority | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-10-16 | Revoked |
| TWCA Secure SSL Certification Authority | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-08-18 | Revoked |
| TWCA Secure SSL Certification Authority | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-04-13 | Revoked |
| TWCA Global Root CA G2 | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-12-09 | Revoked |
| TWCA CYBER Root CA → TWCA CYBER Root CA | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-12-09 | Revoked |
| TWCA Timestamping Certification Authority | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-03-31 | Revoked |
| TWCA InfoSec User CA | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2028-10-12 | Revoked |
| TWCA Global EVSSL Certification Authority | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-08-23 | Revoked |
Cross-signed versions
1 certificate(s) in the CCADB have the same subject and public key as TWCA Global Root CA but a different issuer. A server can send one of them so that clients which trust the issuing root, but not TWCA Global Root CA, can still build a chain.
| Signed by | CA owner | Expires | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| TWCA Root Certification Authority crt.sh | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-10-28 | Valid |
CRL and OCSP addresses
In the root certificate
TWCA Global Root CA itself contains no CRL Distribution Points and no OCSP (Authority Information Access) extension. That is normal for a root: clients trust it directly and do not check its own revocation status.
Full CRL this CA publishes (CCADB)
http://RootCA.twca.com.tw/TWCARCA/global_revoke_4096.crl
Used by the intermediates it issued
Addresses found in the CRL Distribution Points and OCSP fields of the 5 valid intermediates signed by TWCA Global Root CA; the number in brackets is how many of them use each address.
- CRL:
http://RootCA.twca.com.tw/TWCARCA/global_revoke_4096.crl(5) - OCSP:
http://rootocsp.twca.com.tw/(5)
What happens when it expires
TWCA Global Root CA is valid until 2030-12-31, about 4.1 years after this data snapshot (2026-11-10). From that day, browsers and operating systems that check trust-anchor expiry stop accepting chains that end at this root, so any certificate that can only chain to it fails validation. Android is a known exception: it does not enforce the expiry date of trust anchors. Root programs can stop trusting it before it expires: Chrome 2026-09-14.
Check whether your device trusts it
Each platform keeps its own root store. The commands below look up TWCA Global Root CA by common name (TWCA Global Root CA) or fingerprint. The store status in each heading comes from the CCADB snapshot; your device can differ if it is out of date or managed by an administrator.
macOS (Apple store: Included · Trusted for TLS)
Search the system roots keychain by common name. -Z prints the SHA-256 hash, which must match the fingerprint on the last line.
security find-certificate -a -c "TWCA Global Root CA" -Z \
/System/Library/Keychains/SystemRootCertificates.keychain | grep "SHA-256"
# SHA-256 hash: 59769007F7685D0FCD50872F9F95D5755A5B2B457D81F3692B610A98672F0E1BWindows (Microsoft store: Included · Trusted for TLS)
Windows identifies roots by SHA-1 thumbprint. It installs third-party roots on demand through Automatic Root Certificates Update, so "not found" can also mean the root has not been needed yet; certutil -generateSSTFromWU roots.sst downloads Microsoft's full list.
certutil -verifystore Root 9CBB4853F6A4F6D352A4E83252556013F5ADAF65Linux (ca-certificates follows Mozilla: Included · Trusted for TLS)
Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora and RHEL build their ca-certificates package from Mozilla's root store. Use trust list on p11-kit systems, or search the PEM bundle on Debian and Ubuntu.
# Fedora / RHEL / Arch (p11-kit)
trust list --filter=ca-anchors | grep -iF -A2 "TWCA Global Root CA"
# Debian / Ubuntu (ca-certificates)
openssl crl2pkcs7 -nocrl -certfile /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt \
| openssl pkcs7 -print_certs -noout | grep -iF "TWCA Global Root CA"Java
Java ships its own cacerts keystore; JDK 9 and later accept -cacerts and the default store password is changeit. Search for the SHA-256 fingerprint in colon form.
keytool -list -cacerts -storepass changeit | grep -i "59:76:90:07:F7:68:5D:0F:CD:50:87:2F:9F:95:D5:75:5A:5B:2B:45:7D:81:F3:69:2B:61:0A:98:67:2F:0E:1B"Android
Android's system store is maintained by Google separately from the four CCADB stores above. Open Settings → Security & privacy → More security settings → Encryption & credentials → Trusted credentials → System (menu names vary by vendor and version) and look for TAIWAN-CA → TWCA Global Root CA.
Which root does my site chain to?
List the chain your server sends and compare the last issuer with this root; the fingerprint check confirms a local copy.
# show subject (s:) and issuer (i:) of every certificate the server sends
openssl s_client -connect example.com:443 -servername example.com -showcerts </dev/null 2>/dev/null \
| grep -E '^ *[0-9]+ s:|^ *i:'
# subject and SHA-256 fingerprint of the downloaded PEM file
openssl x509 -in twca-global-root-ca.pem -noout -subject -fingerprint -sha256
# sha256 Fingerprint=59:76:90:07:F7:68:5D:0F:CD:50:87:2F:9F:95:D5:75:5A:5B:2B:45:7D:81:F3:69:2B:61:0A:98:67:2F:0E:1BFAQ
Is TWCA Global Root CA trusted by Chrome, Firefox, Safari and Windows?
Yes. As of 2026-11-10, Chrome, Mozilla (Firefox), Apple (Safari) and Microsoft (Windows) all trust it for TLS server authentication. Distrust-after dates already set: Chrome 2026-09-14.
When does TWCA Global Root CA expire?
On 2030-12-31, about 4.1 years after the 2026-11-10 data snapshot.
How many intermediate certificates has TWCA Global Root CA issued?
The CCADB lists 15: 5 valid, 1 expired and 9 revoked. The newest valid one is TWCA InfoSec User CA, valid until 2030-11-02.
Is TWCA Global Root CA cross-signed?
Yes. The CCADB has 1 cross-certificate(s) with its subject and key, signed by TWCA Root Certification Authority; 1 of them are still valid.
Other roots from TWCA
- TWCA CYBER Root CA RSA 4096 · 2047-11-22
- TWCA Root Certification Authority RSA 2048 · 2030-12-31
Sources
- CCADB — Resources (TLS Server Authentication report, All Included Root Certificate Trust Bit Settings)
- CCADB — All Certificate Information (root and intermediate), CSV V5
- CCADB — Mozilla Included CA Certificate Report
- CCADB — Chrome / Mozilla / Apple / Microsoft TLS Server Authentication CSV