Root certificate · Google Trust Services
GTS Root R1
GTS Root R1 is a root CA certificate operated by Google Trust Services (RSA 4096, valid until 2036-06-22, SHA-256 2A575471). As of the latest CCADB data it is trusted for TLS server authentication by 1 of 4 major root stores: Microsoft.
Root store status
| Root store | Status | Trusted for TLS | Distrust for TLS after | Constrained |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chrome | Not included Not included | No | — | No |
| Mozilla | Removed Removed | No | — | No |
| Apple | Removed Removed | No | — | No |
| Microsoft | Included Included | Yes | — | No |
The CCADB lists no EV policy OID for GTS Root R1.
Not included Chrome
- Status
- Not included
Removed Mozilla
- Status
- Removed
Removed Apple
- Status
- Removed
Included Microsoft
- Status
- Included
- Trusted EKUs
- Server Authentication, Client Authentication, Secure Email, Time Stamping
"Trusted for TLS" means the store includes the root with the server-authentication trust bit (Mozilla "Websites", Apple serverAuth, Microsoft Server Authentication EKU). Microsoft "NotBefore" means only certificates issued before a cutoff date are still trusted. "Constrained" means the store applies extra restrictions.
Details
- CA owner
- Google Trust Services LLC
- Subject
- CN=GTS Root R1,O=Google Trust Services LLC,C=US
- SHA-256
2A575471E31340BC21581CBD2CF13E158463203ECE94BCF9D3CC196BF09A5472- SHA-1 (Windows thumbprint)
E1C950E6EF22F84C5645728B922060D7D5A7A3E8- SPKI SHA-256
871A9194F4EED5B312FF40C84C1D524AED2F778BBFF25F138CF81F680A7ADC67- Valid from
- 2016-06-22
- Expires
- 2036-06-22
- Key
- RSA 4096
- Signature algorithm
- sha384WithRSAEncryption
- Serial number
6E47A9C54B470C0DEC33D089B91CF4E1- Country
- US
- Trust bits (CCADB)
- Server Authentication, Client Authentication, Secure Email, Time Stamping
- EV policy OIDs (CCADB)
- not EV-enabled · TLS EV capable: No
- Test websites
- valid:
https://good.gtsr1.demosite.pki.goog· expired:https://expired.gtsr1.demosite.pki.goog· revoked:https://revoked.gtsr1.demosite.pki.goog - CCADB record
- A004186
- PEM
- google-trust-services-gts-root-r1-2a575471.pem
Intermediate CAs issued by this root
The CCADB lists no intermediate CA certificate signed directly by GTS Root R1.
Cross-signed versions
1 certificate(s) in the CCADB have the same subject and public key as GTS Root R1 but a different issuer. A server can send one of them so that clients which trust the issuing root, but not GTS Root R1, can still build a chain.
| Signed by | CA owner | Expires | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| GlobalSign Root CA crt.sh | GlobalSign nv-sa | 2028-01-28 | Valid |
CRL and OCSP addresses
In the root certificate
GTS Root R1 itself contains no CRL Distribution Points and no OCSP (Authority Information Access) extension. That is normal for a root: clients trust it directly and do not check its own revocation status.
Full CRL this CA publishes (CCADB)
http://crl.pki.goog/gtsr1/gtsr1.crlhttp://c.pki.goog/r/r1.crl
What happens when it expires
GTS Root R1 is valid until 2036-06-22, about 9.6 years after this data snapshot (2026-11-10). From that day, browsers and operating systems that check trust-anchor expiry stop accepting chains that end at this root, so any certificate that can only chain to it fails validation. Android is a known exception: it does not enforce the expiry date of trust anchors.
Check whether your device trusts it
Each platform keeps its own root store. The commands below look up GTS Root R1 by common name (GTS Root R1) or fingerprint. The store status in each heading comes from the CCADB snapshot; your device can differ if it is out of date or managed by an administrator.
macOS (Apple store: Removed)
Search the system roots keychain by common name. -Z prints the SHA-256 hash, which must match the fingerprint on the last line.
security find-certificate -a -c "GTS Root R1" -Z \
/System/Library/Keychains/SystemRootCertificates.keychain | grep "SHA-256"
# SHA-256 hash: 2A575471E31340BC21581CBD2CF13E158463203ECE94BCF9D3CC196BF09A5472
Windows (Microsoft store: Included · Trusted for TLS)
Windows identifies roots by SHA-1 thumbprint. It installs third-party roots on demand through Automatic Root Certificates Update, so "not found" can also mean the root has not been needed yet; certutil -generateSSTFromWU roots.sst downloads Microsoft's full list.
certutil -verifystore Root E1C950E6EF22F84C5645728B922060D7D5A7A3E8
Linux (ca-certificates follows Mozilla: Removed)
Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora and RHEL build their ca-certificates package from Mozilla's root store. Use trust list on p11-kit systems, or search the PEM bundle on Debian and Ubuntu.
# Fedora / RHEL / Arch (p11-kit)
trust list --filter=ca-anchors | grep -iF -A2 "GTS Root R1"
# Debian / Ubuntu (ca-certificates)
openssl crl2pkcs7 -nocrl -certfile /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt \
| openssl pkcs7 -print_certs -noout | grep -iF "GTS Root R1"
Java
Java ships its own cacerts keystore; JDK 9 and later accept -cacerts and the default store password is changeit. Search for the SHA-256 fingerprint in colon form.
keytool -list -cacerts -storepass changeit | grep -i "2A:57:54:71:E3:13:40:BC:21:58:1C:BD:2C:F1:3E:15:84:63:20:3E:CE:94:BC:F9:D3:CC:19:6B:F0:9A:54:72"
Android
Android's system store is maintained by Google separately from the four CCADB stores above. Open Settings → Security & privacy → More security settings → Encryption & credentials → Trusted credentials → System (menu names vary by vendor and version) and look for Google Trust Services LLC → GTS Root R1.
Which root does my site chain to?
List the chain your server sends and compare the last issuer with this root; the fingerprint check confirms a local copy.
# show subject (s:) and issuer (i:) of every certificate the server sends
openssl s_client -connect example.com:443 -servername example.com -showcerts </dev/null 2>/dev/null \
| grep -E '^ *[0-9]+ s:|^ *i:'
# subject and SHA-256 fingerprint of the downloaded PEM file
openssl x509 -in google-trust-services-gts-root-r1-2a575471.pem -noout -subject -fingerprint -sha256
# sha256 Fingerprint=2A:57:54:71:E3:13:40:BC:21:58:1C:BD:2C:F1:3E:15:84:63:20:3E:CE:94:BC:F9:D3:CC:19:6B:F0:9A:54:72
FAQ
Is GTS Root R1 trusted by Chrome, Firefox, Safari and Windows?
As of 2026-11-10, Microsoft trust it for TLS server authentication; Chrome, Mozilla, Apple do not.
When does GTS Root R1 expire?
On 2036-06-22, about 9.6 years after the 2026-11-10 data snapshot.
How many intermediate certificates has GTS Root R1 issued?
The CCADB lists no intermediate certificate signed directly by GTS Root R1.
Is GTS Root R1 cross-signed?
Yes. The CCADB has 1 cross-certificate(s) with its subject and key, signed by GlobalSign Root CA; 1 of them are still valid.
Other roots from Google Trust Services
- GlobalSign ECDSA P-256 · 2038-01-19
- GlobalSign ECDSA P-256 · 2038-01-19
- GTS Root R1 RSA 4096 · 2036-06-22
- GTS Root R2 RSA 4096 · 2036-06-22
- GTS Root R2 RSA 4096 · 2036-06-22
- GTS Root R3 ECDSA P-384 · 2036-06-22
- GTS Root R3 ECDSA P-384 · 2036-06-22
- GTS Root R4 ECDSA P-384 · 2036-06-22
- GTS Root R4 ECDSA P-384 · 2036-06-22
Sources
- CCADB — Resources (TLS Server Authentication report, All Included Root Certificate Trust Bit Settings)
- CCADB — All Certificate Information (root and intermediate), CSV V5
- CCADB — Mozilla Included CA Certificate Report
- CCADB — Chrome / Mozilla / Apple / Microsoft TLS Server Authentication CSV