Code signing and email
Best code signing certificate (2026)
For most developers in 2026 the best code signing certificate is OV with cloud signing: the key must stay in hardware, and cloud signing spares CI a USB token. The cheapest we verified on 10 November 2026 was SSL.com OV Code Signing at $129.00 a year; Sectigo ($345.00) and DigiCert ($438.24) cost more. Buy EV only when required.
What changed in June 2023
Since 1 June 2023 the CA/Browser Forum Code Signing Baseline Requirements oblige CAs to ensure that the subscriber's private key is generated, stored and used in a hardware crypto module meeting FIPS 140-2 Level 2 or Common Criteria EAL 4+ (or better). In practice you have three options:
- A USB token shipped by the CA. Simple for one developer on one machine; awkward for CI servers and remote teams.
- Your own HSM, on premises or a cloud HSM service, with key attestation the CA accepts.
- The CA's or a platform's cloud signing service, where the key lives in the provider's HSM and you sign over an API.
Verified prices
SSL.com OV Code Signing was the cheapest certificate at $129.00 and DigiCert EV Code Signing the most expensive at $617.52 (1-year prices on 10 November 2026, before key storage):
| Certificate | Validation | Cheapest seller | 1-year price |
|---|---|---|---|
| SSL.com OV Code Signing | OV | SSL.com | $129.00 |
| Sectigo Code Signing | OV | GoGetSSL / The SSL Store | $345.00 |
| SSL.com EV Code Signing | EV | SSL.com | $349.00 |
| DigiCert Code Signing | OV | GoGetSSL / The SSL Store | $438.24 |
| Sectigo EV Code Signing | EV | GoGetSSL / The SSL Store | $453.00 |
| DigiCert EV Code Signing | EV | GoGetSSL / The SSL Store | $617.52 |
Add key storage: The SSL Store lists a token with US shipping for $90 with Sectigo and $120 with DigiCert; SSL.com lists a YubiKey FIPS token for $379 or an eSigner subscription. SSL.com's EV certificate drops to $149.00 per year on a 5-year subscription, the steepest multi-year reduction in our data.
Cloud signing options
Three cloud services keep the key in the provider's HSM and sign over an API:
- SSL.com eSigner. Cloud HSM (FIPS 140-2 Level 3, per SSL.com) with a REST API and CI integrations, sold as a subscription on top of an SSL.com certificate.
- DigiCert KeyLocker. DigiCert's cloud key storage and signing for its code signing certificates.
- Microsoft Artifact Signing (formerly Trusted Signing). A fully managed Azure service: Microsoft validates your identity and manages certificates and keys in FIPS 140-3 Level 3 HSMs, with Basic (5,000 signatures a month) and Premium (100,000) tiers. Check Microsoft's eligibility rules before relying on it.
Which one to choose
OV with cloud signing fits most teams; tokens and EV fit narrower cases.
- Solo developer, occasional releases: SSL.com OV with eSigner, or a token if you sign on one machine.
- Team with CI/CD: cloud signing (eSigner, KeyLocker or Artifact Signing), so no physical token sits in a build server.
- Enterprise already on DigiCert or Sectigo: stay with that CA's platform; the higher certificate price buys account management you may already use.
- EV required: compare SSL.com EV ($349.00) and Sectigo EV ($453.00) first, and confirm the key storage meets the platform's rules. SSL.com itself warns that a YubiKey-held EV key may not satisfy every requirement, such as kernel-mode driver signing.
FAQ
Can I still get a code signing certificate as a .pfx file?
No. Since 1 June 2023 CAs must ensure the private key is generated and kept in a hardware crypto module (FIPS 140-2 Level 2 or Common Criteria EAL 4+ or better). You receive the certificate, but the key stays on a token, an HSM or a cloud signing service.
Do I need OV or EV code signing?
OV is enough for most desktop applications. Choose EV when a platform or customer requires it; if you sign Windows kernel drivers through Microsoft's hardware program, check Microsoft's current requirements first.
Can individual developers buy code signing certificates?
Yes, from some CAs. SSL.com sells an individual-validated (IV) certificate and an EV Sole Proprietor version, and Microsoft Artifact Signing has its own eligibility rules.
Sources
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