# TWCA Global Root CA root certificate (TWCA)

> TWCA Global Root CA is a root CA certificate operated by TWCA (RSA 4096, valid until 2030-12-31, SHA-256 59769007). As of the latest CCADB data it is trusted for TLS server authentication by 4 of 4 major root stores: Chrome, Mozilla, Apple, Microsoft.

Source: https://ssl.sh/roots/twca-global-root-ca/
Last updated: 2026-11-10

TWCA Global Root CA is a root CA certificate operated by TWCA (RSA 4096, valid until 2030-12-31, SHA-256 59769007). As of the latest CCADB data it is trusted for TLS server authentication by 4 of 4 major root stores: Chrome, Mozilla, Apple, Microsoft.

| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| CA owner | TWCA |
| Subject | CN=TWCA Global Root CA,OU=Root CA,O=TAIWAN-CA,C=TW |
| SHA-256 | 59769007F7685D0FCD50872F9F95D5755A5B2B457D81F3692B610A98672F0E1B |
| SPKI SHA-256 | C444B5B66CE5D71E1B5E40F27385C95CBFD24A05B56F70CAC0992F0F50C3379C |
| Valid from | 2012-06-27 |
| Expires | 2030-12-31 |
| Key | RSA 4096 |
| Signature algorithm | sha256WithRSAEncryption |
| Serial number | CBE |
| SHA-1 (Windows thumbprint) | 9CBB4853F6A4F6D352A4E83252556013F5ADAF65 |

## Root store status

| Root store | Status | Trusted for TLS | Distrust for TLS after | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chrome | Included | Yes | 2026-09-14 | - |
| Mozilla | Included | Yes | - | Trust bits: Websites, Email; EV policy OIDs: 1.3.6.1.4.1.40869.1.1.22.3; First included in: NSS 3.15.4 / Firefox 27; Inclusion bug: #810133 |
| Apple | Included | Yes | - | Trust bits: serverAuth, clientAuth, emailProtection |
| Microsoft | Included | Yes | - | Trusted EKUs: Server Authentication, Code Signing, Secure Email; Not-before cutoff: 2019-04-01 (Code Signing) |

Chrome stops trusting TLS certificates under this root whose SCTs are dated after 2026-09-14 (sct_not_after). Mozilla treats it as an EV root for policy OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.40869.1.1.22.3.

## Intermediate CAs issued by this root

The CCADB lists 15 intermediate CA certificates signed directly by TWCA Global Root CA: 5 currently valid, 1 expired and 9 revoked (revoked includes those whose parent was revoked).

| Intermediate | Operated by | Expires | Status | SHA-256 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWCA InfoSec User CA | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-11-02 | Valid | A725CAD1E4AE5FB83AB614A9916F9DA2A0A33B5F51D806C4D98D180C67127E3B |
| TWCA Timestamping Certification Authority | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-11-02 | Valid | 28FB631E82689760D2363EDD293D7DE8B027806166236A5D3CFD863682E0F788 |
| TWCA SMIME Root CA G1 | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-10-31 | Valid | 3B344DA2F85735CEE131686402B8F346D890F3F4085FD67769B4224FE4A30587 |
| TWCA CYBER Root CA | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-11-01 | Valid | 2A7229911A5742D03CC37808AE6C45D004C10174192FA16BAC5AFD153766E489 |
| TWCA CYBER Root CA G3 | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-10-30 | Valid | 053E265167372A4512450A3EFA2840C5F8C0F0C56444D7C80424499885F9AA3C |
| TWCA Secure SSL Certification Authority | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2024-10-28 | Expired | 9B16F2F680D7C4BD6A67F609340DA6416ABF9E43F1326B01B988192271D0B5F2 |
| TWCA InfoSec User CA | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-03-15 | Revoked | B806FC5FE830CB5DBBF0018E3B1732281D0A2365AAFCFFFCD331427D02FEF08C |
| TWCA Secure SSL Certification Authority | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-10-16 | Revoked | 1A2C75FD096E0499E9FF6AC74E526F61EAAE3EDFC8C2EA4436FEE0C24D8B7D0E |
| TWCA Secure SSL Certification Authority | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-08-18 | Revoked | C6E96A1745707099F02279472FA28A99BAE447D77511E19E86BAF3047651C1EB |
| TWCA Secure SSL Certification Authority | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-04-13 | Revoked | 0ED5671AEE9616CDE7A2B1B3DD2398B6E11E591DA9744922D8C32D17F67CCA93 |
| TWCA Global Root CA G2 | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-12-09 | Revoked | D53BF4968A7DB3C8C4E3366F2C7F76AD61B7041DFEFC64C1902C499A6FFFF241 |
| TWCA CYBER Root CA | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-12-09 | Revoked | C619F4E6F7B1BAA7A6C6F244092A3F82E46A6D67BEE26337FBAF02546F33133F |
| TWCA Timestamping Certification Authority | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-03-31 | Revoked | F83F945FD3DFF25D603EE896737D6184030878D6F982D6D69F8BFBE8BABCC1A8 |
| TWCA InfoSec User CA | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2028-10-12 | Revoked | BFAAF990B98D9168466A9F0757DC2F1614B9F938B3A74511B994A2B858E1490E |
| TWCA Global EVSSL Certification Authority | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-08-23 | Revoked | 49695A5F0F7EF6EDF698193D99ED48BAADE20EA457403C11CEAD492C458665DA |

## Cross-signed versions

1 certificate(s) in the CCADB have the same subject and public key as TWCA Global Root CA but a different issuer. A server can send one of them so that clients which trust the issuing root, but not TWCA Global Root CA, can still build a chain.

| Signed by | CA owner | Expires | Status | SHA-256 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWCA Root Certification Authority | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-10-28 | Valid | 8AD47F6D70A44FA80AF0F931125FFE3A76876FFAD219A4D40A13C038DC85E69E |

## What happens when it expires

TWCA Global Root CA is valid until 2030-12-31, about 4.1 years after this data snapshot (2026-11-10). From that day, browsers and operating systems that check trust-anchor expiry stop accepting chains that end at this root, so any certificate that can only chain to it fails validation. Android is a known exception: it does not enforce the expiry date of trust anchors. Root programs can stop trusting it before it expires: Chrome 2026-09-14.

## FAQ

**Is TWCA Global Root CA trusted by Chrome, Firefox, Safari and Windows?**

Yes. As of 2026-11-10, Chrome, Mozilla (Firefox), Apple (Safari) and Microsoft (Windows) all trust it for TLS server authentication. Distrust-after dates already set: Chrome 2026-09-14.

**When does TWCA Global Root CA expire?**

On 2030-12-31, about 4.1 years after the 2026-11-10 data snapshot.

**How many intermediate certificates has TWCA Global Root CA issued?**

The CCADB lists 15: 5 valid, 1 expired and 9 revoked. The newest valid one is TWCA InfoSec User CA, valid until 2030-11-02.

**Is TWCA Global Root CA cross-signed?**

Yes. The CCADB has 1 cross-certificate(s) with its subject and key, signed by TWCA Root Certification Authority; 1 of them are still valid.

Sources: CCADB TLS Server Authentication report, All Included Root Certificate Trust Bit Settings, All Certificate Information (V5), the per-store TLS reports and Mozilla's Included CA Certificate Report (ccadb.org/resources).