# TWCA CYBER Root CA root certificate (TWCA)

> TWCA CYBER Root CA is a root CA certificate operated by TWCA (RSA 4096, valid until 2047-11-22, SHA-256 3F63BB28). As of the latest CCADB data it is trusted for TLS server authentication by 3 of 4 major root stores: Chrome, Mozilla, Microsoft.

Source: https://ssl.sh/roots/twca-cyber-root-ca/
Last updated: 2026-11-10

TWCA CYBER Root CA is a root CA certificate operated by TWCA (RSA 4096, valid until 2047-11-22, SHA-256 3F63BB28). As of the latest CCADB data it is trusted for TLS server authentication by 3 of 4 major root stores: Chrome, Mozilla, Microsoft.

| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| CA owner | TWCA |
| Subject | CN=TWCA CYBER Root CA,OU=Root CA,O=TAIWAN-CA,C=TW |
| SHA-256 | 3F63BB2814BE174EC8B6439CF08D6D56F0B7C405883A5648A334424D6B3EC558 |
| SPKI SHA-256 | 06600B94C0318BB6967F0C7787CC8A1032A179C4E95E3C5760B32E290F7FEC9B |
| Valid from | 2022-11-22 |
| Expires | 2047-11-22 |
| Key | RSA 4096 |
| Signature algorithm | sha384WithRSAEncryption |
| Serial number | 4001348CC200000000000000013CF2C6 |
| SHA-1 (Windows thumbprint) | F6B11C1A8338E97BDBB3A8C83324E02D9C7F2666 |

## Root store status

| Root store | Status | Trusted for TLS | Distrust for TLS after | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chrome | Included | Yes | - | - |
| Mozilla | Included | Yes | - | Trust bits: Websites; EV policy OIDs: 2.23.140.1.1; First included in: NSS 3.104 / Firefox 131 |
| Apple | Not included | No | - | - |
| Microsoft | Included | Yes | - | Trusted EKUs: Server Authentication |

Mozilla treats it as an EV root for policy OID 2.23.140.1.1.

## Intermediate CAs issued by this root

The CCADB lists 5 intermediate CA certificates signed directly by TWCA CYBER Root CA: 1 currently valid, 0 expired and 4 revoked (revoked includes those whose parent was revoked).

| Intermediate | Operated by | Expires | Status | SHA-256 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWCA CYBER Root CA G3 | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2036-10-31 | Valid | 6E63068C8A6B422EFFA159E983A1A682443848EF8386FEE4504AAC5608998241 |
| TWCA EVSSL Certification Authority | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2034-09-06 | Revoked | CAC9FD0CD35AA5C480CD03FDD6EDF0CA1A41FD02AC290EC83D83CEEDF8EC245C |
| TWCA SSL Certification Authority | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2034-09-06 | Revoked | 815C549C6976BF163EB54710FFC7806B1E7541C688313312B606837767164094 |
| TWCA EVSSL Certification Authority | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2033-02-23 | Revoked | F76E3339A6773DC5922DA154628C8D22B5C915EDCB15270DB8FB3D8D24959E98 |
| TWCA SSL Certification Authority | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2033-02-23 | Revoked | 01AF2324D098098F5E0CDF6FAABADA430B21CCE777F47EACB26248B2FDA3E531 |

## Cross-signed versions

2 certificate(s) in the CCADB have the same subject and public key as TWCA CYBER Root CA but a different issuer. A server can send one of them so that clients which trust the issuing root, but not TWCA CYBER Root CA, can still build a chain.

| Signed by | CA owner | Expires | Status | SHA-256 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWCA Global Root CA | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-11-01 | Valid | 2A7229911A5742D03CC37808AE6C45D004C10174192FA16BAC5AFD153766E489 |
| TWCA Global Root CA | Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA) | 2030-12-09 | Revoked | C619F4E6F7B1BAA7A6C6F244092A3F82E46A6D67BEE26337FBAF02546F33133F |

## What happens when it expires

TWCA CYBER Root CA is valid until 2047-11-22, about 21.0 years after this data snapshot (2026-11-10). From that day, browsers and operating systems that check trust-anchor expiry stop accepting chains that end at this root, so any certificate that can only chain to it fails validation. Android is a known exception: it does not enforce the expiry date of trust anchors.

## FAQ

**Is TWCA CYBER Root CA trusted by Chrome, Firefox, Safari and Windows?**

As of 2026-11-10, Chrome, Mozilla, Microsoft trust it for TLS server authentication; Apple do not.

**When does TWCA CYBER Root CA expire?**

On 2047-11-22, about 21.0 years after the 2026-11-10 data snapshot.

**How many intermediate certificates has TWCA CYBER Root CA issued?**

The CCADB lists 5: 1 valid, 0 expired and 4 revoked. The newest valid one is TWCA CYBER Root CA G3, valid until 2036-10-31.

**Is TWCA CYBER Root CA cross-signed?**

Yes. The CCADB has 2 cross-certificate(s) with its subject and key, signed by TWCA Global Root CA; 1 of them are still valid.

Sources: CCADB TLS Server Authentication report, All Included Root Certificate Trust Bit Settings, All Certificate Information (V5), the per-store TLS reports and Mozilla's Included CA Certificate Report (ccadb.org/resources).