# GTS Root R2 root certificate (Google Trust Services, SHA-256 8D25CD97)

> GTS Root R2 is a root CA certificate operated by Google Trust Services (RSA 4096, valid until 2036-06-22, SHA-256 8D25CD97). As of the latest CCADB data it is trusted for TLS server authentication by 2 of 4 major root stores: Apple, Microsoft.

Source: https://ssl.sh/roots/google-trust-services-gts-root-r2/
Last updated: 2026-11-10

GTS Root R2 is a root CA certificate operated by Google Trust Services (RSA 4096, valid until 2036-06-22, SHA-256 8D25CD97). As of the latest CCADB data it is trusted for TLS server authentication by 2 of 4 major root stores: Apple, Microsoft.

| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| CA owner | Google Trust Services |
| Subject | CN=GTS Root R2,O=Google Trust Services LLC,C=US |
| SHA-256 | 8D25CD97229DBF70356BDA4EB3CC734031E24CF00FAFCFD32DC76EB5841C7EA8 |
| SPKI SHA-256 | 55F77DE41C03792428F8D518C55104225BE43A5598D926A528AD653E1CCEC7BF |
| Valid from | 2016-06-22 |
| Expires | 2036-06-22 |
| Key | RSA 4096 |
| Signature algorithm | sha384WithRSAEncryption |
| Serial number | 203E5AEC58D04251AAB1125AA |
| SHA-1 (Windows thumbprint) | 9A44497632DBDEFAD0BCFB5A7B17BD9E56092494 |

## Root store status

| Root store | Status | Trusted for TLS | Distrust for TLS after | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chrome | Removed | No | - | - |
| Mozilla | Included | No | - | Trust bits: Email; EV policy OIDs: not EV-enabled; First included in: NSS 3.74 / Firefox 97; Inclusion bug: #1675821 |
| Apple | Included | Yes | - | Trust bits: serverAuth, clientAuth, emailProtection |
| Microsoft | Included | Yes | - | Trusted EKUs: Server Authentication, Client Authentication, Secure Email |

The CCADB lists no EV policy OID for GTS Root R2.

## Intermediate CAs issued by this root

The CCADB lists 6 intermediate CA certificates signed directly by GTS Root R2: 2 currently valid, 0 expired and 4 revoked (revoked includes those whose parent was revoked).

| Intermediate | Operated by | Expires | Status | SHA-256 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MR1 | Google Trust Services LLC | 2029-02-20 | Valid | BDF40C618E862D9B6B52718A1FB35BB951DFDBD2428B17D8A3FC64DF9E5DF355 |
| WR5 | Google Trust Services LLC | 2029-02-20 | Valid | AE0FC852280F1B87CEDAF73CFB84CF106EFEC88E8294253AF352ED4034460D7B |
| GTS CA 1D9 | Google Trust Services LLC | 2027-09-30 | Revoked | 02609E88979FC6862EA1571F3BC6DF6C70F2FE9277473E43FE04C3597C43431D |
| GTS CA 1D8 | Google Trust Services LLC | 2027-09-30 | Revoked | C0E8B1C195CDFF7B5137B9AD3513A6120B1DBFF49E5E0A8CEA3273BC8D761877 |
| GTS Y2 | Google Trust Services LLC | 2028-11-01 | Revoked | 9C30516496E125B3D0931F49875E29516D9DC25473E5D6A106C1FCF866D306DB |
| GTS X2 | Google Trust Services LLC | 2026-06-22 | Revoked | AA2CF140B325C578D6BA6115FA83A338AC335E27453CF7A91A635CFED5448D4B |

## Cross-signed versions

No certificate in the CCADB has the same subject and public key as GTS Root R2 with a different issuer, so a client has to carry GTS Root R2 itself in its root store to trust it.


## What happens when it expires

GTS Root R2 is valid until 2036-06-22, about 9.6 years after this data snapshot (2026-11-10). From that day, browsers and operating systems that check trust-anchor expiry stop accepting chains that end at this root, so any certificate that can only chain to it fails validation. Android is a known exception: it does not enforce the expiry date of trust anchors.

## FAQ

**Is GTS Root R2 trusted by Chrome, Firefox, Safari and Windows?**

As of 2026-11-10, Apple, Microsoft trust it for TLS server authentication; Chrome, Mozilla do not.

**When does GTS Root R2 expire?**

On 2036-06-22, about 9.6 years after the 2026-11-10 data snapshot.

**How many intermediate certificates has GTS Root R2 issued?**

The CCADB lists 6: 2 valid, 0 expired and 4 revoked. The newest valid one is MR1, valid until 2029-02-20.

**Is GTS Root R2 cross-signed?**

No. The CCADB has no certificate with the same subject and public key signed by another CA.

Sources: CCADB TLS Server Authentication report, All Included Root Certificate Trust Bit Settings, All Certificate Information (V5), the per-store TLS reports and Mozilla's Included CA Certificate Report (ccadb.org/resources).