# GTS Root R2 root certificate (Google Trust Services, SHA-256 C45D7BB0)

> GTS Root R2 is a root CA certificate operated by Google Trust Services (RSA 4096, valid until 2036-06-22, SHA-256 C45D7BB0). As of the latest CCADB data it is trusted for TLS server authentication by 1 of 4 major root stores: Microsoft.

Source: https://ssl.sh/roots/google-trust-services-gts-root-r2-c45d7bb0/
Last updated: 2026-11-10

GTS Root R2 is a root CA certificate operated by Google Trust Services (RSA 4096, valid until 2036-06-22, SHA-256 C45D7BB0). As of the latest CCADB data it is trusted for TLS server authentication by 1 of 4 major root stores: Microsoft.

| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| CA owner | Google Trust Services |
| Subject | CN=GTS Root R2,O=Google Trust Services LLC,C=US |
| SHA-256 | C45D7BB08E6D67E62E4235110B564E5F78FD92EF058C840AEA4E6455D7585C60 |
| SPKI SHA-256 | 55F77DE41C03792428F8D518C55104225BE43A5598D926A528AD653E1CCEC7BF |
| Valid from | 2016-06-22 |
| Expires | 2036-06-22 |
| Key | RSA 4096 |
| Signature algorithm | sha384WithRSAEncryption |
| Serial number | 6E47A9C65AB3E720C5309A3F6852F26F |
| SHA-1 (Windows thumbprint) | D273962A2A5E399F733FE1C71E643F033834FC4D |

## Root store status

| Root store | Status | Trusted for TLS | Distrust for TLS after | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chrome | Not included | No | - | - |
| Mozilla | Removed | No | - | - |
| Apple | Removed | No | - | - |
| Microsoft | Included | Yes | - | Trusted EKUs: Server Authentication, Client Authentication, Secure Email, Time Stamping |

The CCADB lists no EV policy OID for GTS Root R2.

## Intermediate CAs issued by this root

The CCADB lists no intermediate CA certificate signed directly by GTS Root R2.


## Cross-signed versions

No certificate in the CCADB has the same subject and public key as GTS Root R2 with a different issuer, so a client has to carry GTS Root R2 itself in its root store to trust it.


## What happens when it expires

GTS Root R2 is valid until 2036-06-22, about 9.6 years after this data snapshot (2026-11-10). From that day, browsers and operating systems that check trust-anchor expiry stop accepting chains that end at this root, so any certificate that can only chain to it fails validation. Android is a known exception: it does not enforce the expiry date of trust anchors.

## FAQ

**Is GTS Root R2 trusted by Chrome, Firefox, Safari and Windows?**

As of 2026-11-10, Microsoft trust it for TLS server authentication; Chrome, Mozilla, Apple do not.

**When does GTS Root R2 expire?**

On 2036-06-22, about 9.6 years after the 2026-11-10 data snapshot.

**How many intermediate certificates has GTS Root R2 issued?**

The CCADB lists no intermediate certificate signed directly by GTS Root R2.

**Is GTS Root R2 cross-signed?**

No. The CCADB has no certificate with the same subject and public key signed by another CA.

Sources: CCADB TLS Server Authentication report, All Included Root Certificate Trust Bit Settings, All Certificate Information (V5), the per-store TLS reports and Mozilla's Included CA Certificate Report (ccadb.org/resources).