# TWCA: root certificates and root store status

> TWCA operates 3 root certificate(s) trusted for TLS by at least one major root store (CCADB owner: Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA); country: TW). See fingerprints, expiry and Chrome, Mozilla, Apple and Microsoft status.

Source: https://ssl.sh/cas/twca/
Last updated: 2026-11-10

TWCA operates 3 root certificate(s) trusted for TLS by at least one major root store (CCADB owner: Taiwan-CA Inc. (TWCA); country: TW). See fingerprints, expiry and Chrome, Mozilla, Apple and Microsoft status.


## Root certificates (CCADB)

TWCA has 3 root certificate(s) in the CCADB TLS report. Together they have signed 27 intermediate CA certificates, 7 of them still valid.

| Root certificate | Key | Expires | Chrome | Mozilla | Apple | Microsoft | Intermediates | SHA-256 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWCA CYBER Root CA | RSA 4096 | 2047-11-22 | Included | Included | Not included | Included | 5 | 3F63BB2814BE174EC8B6439CF08D6D56F0B7C405883A5648A334424D6B3EC558 |
| TWCA Global Root CA | RSA 4096 | 2030-12-31 | Included | Included | Included | Included | 15 | 59769007F7685D0FCD50872F9F95D5755A5B2B457D81F3692B610A98672F0E1B |
| TWCA Root Certification Authority | RSA 2048 | 2030-12-31 | Removed | Included | Included | Included | 7 | BFD88FE1101C41AE3E801BF8BE56350EE9BAD1A6B9BD515EDC5C6D5B8711AC44 |

## CAA records

The CCADB lists 1 CAA issuer domain(s) recognized by the currently valid intermediate certificates of TWCA. One issue record with any of them lets TWCA issue for your domain. Domains that contain the CA's name come first, the rest by how many valid intermediates recognize them.

```
example.com. CAA 0 issue "twca.com.tw"
```

## Audits

Audit data the CCADB records for the TLS roots of TWCA. Auditor(s): KPMG. The most recent audit period ended on 2025-12-31.

- Standard audit: WebTrust 2025-01-01 – 2025-12-31 (https://www.cpacanada.ca/api/getPDFWebTrust?attachmentId=02f76a91-dea2-4440-8802-32585bfdf674)
- Network security: WebTrust 2025-01-01 – 2025-12-31 (https://www.cpacanada.ca/api/getPDFWebTrust?attachmentId=b4b74863-68d1-4e8c-8f67-ab8a31cda8bc)
- TLS Baseline Requirements: WebTrust 2025-01-01 – 2025-12-31 (https://www.cpacanada.ca/api/getPDFWebTrust?attachmentId=a282118c-737d-47e6-ba48-a621bf26cf27)
- TLS EV Guidelines: WebTrust 2025-01-01 – 2025-12-31 (https://www.cpacanada.ca/api/getPDFWebTrust?attachmentId=1f93006d-2dd6-4b99-9539-4ac7975e6513)

## CP/CPS documents

Certificate Policy and Certification Practice Statement links that TWCA has disclosed in the CCADB for its TLS roots, with effective dates:

- Markdown CP/CPS: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=9593869
- CPS: https://www.twca.com.tw/upload/saveArea/filePage/20251114/0c032e8ede674ed2bb0e0c95eeec3675/0c032e8ede674ed2bb0e0c95eeec3675.pdf
- CP: https://bug2045210.bmoattachments.org/attachment.cgi?id=9641837
- CP: https://bug2045210.bmoattachments.org/attachment.cgi?id=9594539

## Report a certificate problem

To report a mis-issued certificate, a compromised private key or other abuse, use the channels TWCA lists in the CCADB (replace [at] and [dot] in addresses):

- ca[at]twca[dot]com[dot]tw

## Incident reports

CAs in Mozilla's root program file compliance incident reports in Mozilla's Bugzilla (product CA Program, component CA Certificate Compliance). This search lists the bugs whose title contains the words “TWCA”: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/buglist.cgi?query_format=advanced&product=CA+Program&component=CA+Certificate+Compliance&short_desc_type=allwords&short_desc=TWCA&order=changeddate+DESC

## FAQ

**What CAA record allows TWCA to issue certificates?**

Publish example.com. CAA 0 issue "twca.com.tw". The CCADB lists 1 recognized domain(s) for TWCA: twca.com.tw.

**Who audits TWCA?**

KPMG, according to the CCADB. The latest TLS Baseline Requirements audit (WebTrust) covers 2025-01-01 to 2025-12-31; the statement is dated 2026-02-26.

**How do I report a problem certificate to TWCA?**

Use the channel(s) listed in the CCADB: ca[at]twca[dot]com[dot]tw.

**How many root certificates does TWCA have?**

3 in the CCADB TLS report. Trusted for TLS: Chrome 2, Mozilla 3, Apple 2, Microsoft 3. They have signed 27 intermediates, 7 of them still valid.

Sources: CCADB All Certificate Information (V5), List of CAA Identifiers, List of CA problem reporting mechanisms and TLS Server Authentication report (ccadb.org/resources).